Coca Cola †Organization Management Free Essays

Abstract This paper is about â€Å"Coca-Cola† company which produces and manufactures soft drinks, and this product is well known all around the world for many decades. The materials used to get the information about the company are from the internet, newspaper and the bottle itself. The paper will speak about how the product came to the final result as an output and what does it take to manufacture it. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca Cola – Organization Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now INTRODUCTION Coca-Cola is the most popular and biggest-selling soft drink in history, as well as the best-known product in the world. It is sold in more and more markets, creating thousands of new jobs in the local economies. The brand is owned by The Coca-Cola Company which works with franchisees across the world. These franchisees perform the bottling and canning operations and are also known as packagers. This paper will discuss the following: * What are the stages of manufacturing? * How does the company guarantee the quality of the products to reach customers satisfaction? * What are the steps after guaranteeing the product so that the product to be introduced to the markets? * Conclusion * Important keywords – Stages of manufacturing -Transforming resources Coca-Cola’s bottlers and canners are concerned with a range of processes involved in transforming resources into the bottles and cans of drink that we are familiar with. There is a difference between transforming resources and transformed resources: * The transforming resources are the managers, employees, machinery and equipment used by The Coca-Cola Company and its franchisees. * The transformed resources are the materials (the cans, bottles, liquids, etc. ) and the information which are processed to create the finished product. Manufacturing Coca-Cola Primarily, Coca-Cola is manufactured by franchisees who are the world’s leading bottling and canning companies. This franchise business is strictly controlled by The Coca-Cola Company. Soft drinks manufacture is a competitive business. Manufacturing techniques are continually improved. This helps meet the highest quality standards for its products using the most cost effective production techniques. For example, very small changes in the shape of the can could save a canning factory millions of dollars in production costs. The production of Coca-Cola involves two major operations: Creating the packaging material * Bottling and canning the finished drink. -Packaging For many years, Coca-Cola was produced in glass bottles. Because of the high cost of distributing b ulky bottles, they had to be manufactured close to where the bottling took place. Today, this is no longer so important since new packaging methods have revolutionized the process. Advanced bottling and canning technology makes Coca-Cola cans and bottles very light but extremely strong. The Company has invested a lot of time and money in research and development to ensure the most effective life cycle impact of its packaging. By using the minimum quantities of materials in packaging, the cans and plastic bottles are simple to crush or to reprocess at the end of the initial life cycle. -Preparing to fill cans Cans are delivered in bulk to a canning plant. At this stage the cans are shaped like an open cup ready to receive the liquid drink. They are not fully formed because the ring pull end has still to be fitted. After they have been inspected to check that there are no faults, each can goes through a rinsing machine to make sure it is clean and ready for filling. Preparing the drink Coca-Cola consists of a concentrated beverage base and a liquid sweetener which are combined to form the syrup from which the drink is made. The Company ships the concentrate to bottling and canning plants where the franchisees mix it with sugar and local water. The water is passed through a number of filters to make sure it is absolutely pure. Carbon dioxide, which makes it fizzy, is also delivered to the canning plant where it is stored and then piped into the manufacturing process through a carbonator and cooler. The Company specifies what equipment franchisees will use to carry out these processes. Samples are taken regularly for chemical analysis, and staff makes frequent spot checks to ensure that plants are maintaining the Company’s standards of cleanliness and quality. The Company provides its franchisees with the most up-to-date technology available and many of them use the latest computer technology and statistical process control methods. -Filling the cans The packaging and the finished drink are combined by a rapid filling process. Every minute hundreds of cans pass along an automated production line and are filled with a precise amount of Coca-Cola. As the cans move along the production line, they are seamed to include the ring pull end and produce the finished can. The ends are inspected to make sure they are smooth and do not have any gaps or leaks. An individual code is stamped on the cans so that each one can be traced back to the point and time of production. A date code ensures product freshness. Cans now look like those you will see in the shops. – Guaranteeing the quality of the product The manufacture of Coca-Cola is carried out by a set of processes called continuous flow production. On a production line, a process is continually repeated and identical products go through the same sequence of operations. Continuous flow production takes this one step further by using computer-controlled automatic equipment to produce goods 24 hours a day. The Company and its franchisees use Total Quality Manag ement procedures that encourage everyone in the plant to think about quality in every-thing they do. Every employee sets out to satisfy customers and places them at the heart of the production process. By continually seeking to improve every aspect of production, employees are able to eliminate problems. Throughout the production process, quality control personnel monitor the product and take test samples. Guarantee that there are no errors; quality control inspectors take statistically selected samples at the end of the production line. Using chemical analysis, these inspectors can guarantee that the product meets the exact specifications; they also check that there are no faults in the packaging. A ‘fill height detector’ uses an electronic eye to ensure that the cans are filled to the right quantity. Cans that are not properly filled are rejected. 3- Introducing the product to the markets Packing the end product into cases The canners then prepare the cans for distribution to retailers such as super-markets, shops and garages. A machine called a case former creates the casing that protects the cans as they are sorted onto pallets. The cans are stored temporarily in a warehouse before they are collected by large distribution trucks. Bottling Coca-Cola So far this case study has focused on the canning process for Coca-Cola. The bottling process, whether in glass or PET (plastic), is very similar. Each plastic bottle starts as test-tube size is blown up like a balloon into the final bottle shape. Whereas franchisees receive cans that already have the logo and any promotional details on them, bottlers apply the labels from large reels once the bottles have been formed. At the end of the bottling line, bottles are automatically sealed with a cap immediately after they have been filled. Just-in-time Canners and bottlers process vast quantities of materials each week. Receiving the raw materials and delivering the finished products involves a complex sequence of actions. The ideal solution is to make sure that the inputs for the process arrive ‘just-in-time’ so they can be transformed into a finished product ready for transportation ‘just-in-time’ to meet the needs of the retailers. At modern canning plants, the cans maker is often located in an adjoining facility, with delivery through a ‘Hole in the wall’ operation. The packagers are involved created supply chain networks with the supermarket chains and other outlets ensure that this process runs smoothly. Canners and bottlers must ensure that they do not build up large stockpiles of cans waiting to be sold but they must also make sure that deliveries are not late. This is where they benefit from advanced information technology that rapidly relays figures about the demand for Coca-Cola. For example, this demand usually rises in periods of hotter weather so the packagers need to plan increased production. Canners and bottlers work closely with The Coca-Cola Company and other suppliers to provide a smooth running supply chain so that consumers are always within ‘an arm’s reach of desire’ and can always buy a drink when they want one. Performance feedback to canners and bottlers In addition to each canner or bottler’s own quality assurance procedures, sample bottles and cans from each market are tested regularly by The Coca-Cola Company. The results are then reported back to the packagers. This feedback helps The Coca-Cola Company and the franchisee to work together and identify opportunities for improvement. Franchisees undergo constant training and retraining in quality assurance, and can always ask for help and advice about ongoing improvement. 4- Conclusion To produce the world’s best known product, The Coca-Cola Company has to employ the highest quality processes and establish standards which guarantee the production of a standardized product which meets consumers’ high expectations each and every time they drink a bottle or can of Coca-Cola. In order to guarantee these standards the Company has had to develop a close relationship with its franchisees based on a mutual concern for quality. Total Quality management lies at the heart of this process involving a continuous emphasis on getting quality standards right every time and on continually seeking new ways to improve performance. – Keywords Continuous flow production: An ongoing twenty-four hour production cycle in which partly finished and finished products pass along a production line. Cost effective: It’s an approach that minimizes or significantly reduces the cost of operations. Franchisee: An individual (Or organization) that is licensed to produce a nd/or sell a named product in a given area, in return for a fee, a share of the profits or sales. Global brand: A product that is recognizable across the world by its logo, packaging or distinctive trade mark. Inputs: They are Materials and labor that go into a production process. Just-in-time: Supplies for manufacturing processes are received just as they are needed, and the end product reaches the consumer just when it is wanted. ‘Just-in-time’ reduces the need to carry large stocks of materials or finished goods helping cash flow. Life cycle impact: Examining the impact of a product from the point at which the raw materials start to be produced and assembled, through the manufacturing process, right up to the time at which the consumer finally disposes of the packaging of the product. Operations: The processes involved in the production of a product, such as filling a can, checking that the can is sufficiently filled, etc. Outputs: Goods and services that are produced once raw materials have gone through a transformation process. Performance feedback: It’s about providing information on the success of performances so that improvements can be made. For example, if a weakness is spotted in quality standards, then it would be necessary to inform the packager so that these could be rectified immediately. Statistical process control: The use of mathematical and statistical control processes in the manufacture of products e. . by measuring quantities of fluid used in given processes, measuring quantities of materials used, etc. to ensure that inputs and outputs always meet specified quantitative standards. Supply chain: It is the chain of processes that links a manufacturer through a distributor to a customer. Total Quality Management: It is an approach that ensures quality at every stage of production, rather than just at the end of the production cycle. Transformed resources: They are resources, such as raw materials and information that are modified in the process of production by the transforming resources. Transforming resources: They are resources that are used to transform other inputs. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/transforming-resources. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 2 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/manufacturing-coca-cola. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 3 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/packaging. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 4 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. k/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/filling-the-cans. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 [ 5 ]. http://asq. org/blog/2011/11/coca-colas-quality-culture/ [ 6 ]. http://www. supplychaindigital. com/warehousing_storage/supply-tech-coca-colas-plantbottle [ 7 ]. http://www. supplychaindigital. com/warehousing_storage/sup ply-tech-coca-colas-plantbottle [ 8 ]. http://www. studymode. com/subjects/coca-cola-just-in-time-case-study-page1. html [ 9 ]. http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/coca-cola-great-britain/making-the-worlds-best-known-product/performance-feedback-to-canners-and-bottlers. html#axzz2EDxPK7W6 How to cite Coca Cola – Organization Management, Papers

A study guide free essay sample

Grading Criteria and Feedback Students will be marked according to the detailed grading criteria located at the end of this section of the Subject Learning Guide. Feedback will be provided to the group within three weeks of the submission date. This feedback is to be incorporated into Assessment Task 2: Group Presentation. Description of Task The assessment task requires students to critically evaluate the theories of uncial accounting. It gives the students the opportunity to demonstrate their level of understanding of the conceptual background to accounting practice and regulation. In order to complete this task, students will be allocated to groups from within their tutorial. Assessment Task 2 week 8 20% The test will be conducted during the week 8 lecture. Details of the time and place of the test will be provided closer to the date. Grading Criteria and Feedback The questions are interactive requiring input from the student, based on information supplied. The students performance will be accessed automatically by the system and a mark out of 10 will be allocated on completion of each online task. We will write a custom essay sample on A study guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If requested, feedback and additional help will be provided by the lecturer. Description of Task The aim of this assessment task is to give students the opportunity to demonstrate their level of understanding at the mid-point of the semester.This should highlight to students whether they need to spend more time engaging with the subject material in order to have sufficient understanding to satisfactorily complete the subject. The test will comprise of Multiple Choice Questions ONLY and may include questions from topics 4, 5, 6 and 7. Students who fail to sit the mid-semester test at the scheduled time will be awarded zero (O) marks for this piece of assessment. Assessment Task 3 SILOS Assessed Students must provide a brief report to the lecturer, prior to the presentation, detailing how they have incorporated feedback from Assessment Task 1 into their presentation. Grading Criteria and Feedback provided to group members at least one week prior to the final examination.Incorporating feedback received from Assessment Task 1, students are squired to present their findings from Assessment Task 1 to the tutorial group. Students will work in the same group as per Assessment Task 1 and all group members are expected to participate in the oral presentation. Assessment Task 4 1, 2,3 The examination will be held during the exam period. Students should consult the examination timetable for date, time and room details. Grading Criteria and Feedback the end of this section of the Subject Learning Guide. Students must obtain at least 40% on the final examination and achieve a minimum aggregate mark of 50% for the subject in order to gain a passing grade for the subject.The final grades in the subject and in each of the assessment tasks will be allocated according to the following: AI- 100% B: 70- 79%C: 60 D: 50 N: 49% or less The final examination will consist of 15 minutes reading time and 3 hours writing time. The final examination will cover all parts of the course, unless otherwise advised. It will consist Of short answer theory and practical questions requiring calculations and the recording of accounting journal entries. Students will NOT be permitted to bring any printed or handwritten material into the final examination. Students are allowed to bring a on-programmable calculator. Further details regarding the format and allowable materials of the final examination will be advised closer to the date of the examination.Detailed Grading Criteria Assessment Task 1 : Group Report Criteria Standard (N, 0-49% etc) (D, 50-59%, etc) (C, 60-69%, etc) (B, 70-79%, etc) (A, 80-100%, etc) 1. 1 Understanding of relevant theories, disciplinary content and regulation Inaccurate or inappropriate choice/application of theories. Failed to apply or inappropriately applied Standards and/or guidelines Fair attempt at application of theories. Applied some Standards and/or guidelines appropriately Key theories are applied in an appropriate and straightforward manner. Applied appropriate Standards and (or guidelines to the main issues. Insightful and appropriate application of key theories. Standards and/or guidelines appropriately applied to the issues Demonstrates integration and innovation in the application of theory.

50 Inspiring Writing Prompts to Kick Writers Block

50 Inspiring Writing Prompts to Kick Writers Block Are you stuck for something to write about? Maybe youre scratching your head trying to come up with a fresh idea for a personal essay- a narrative or an extended description. Perhaps youre in the habit of keeping a journal or a blog, but today, for some reason, you cant think of a blessed thing to say. Maybe you need exercise to start a short story or need to do some prewriting for plot or character development for a longer fiction piece. Heres something that may help: a list of 50 brief writing prompts. The items on the list are not full-blown essay topics, just hints, snippets, cues, and clues to prod your memory, kick  writers block, and get you started. 50 Writing Prompts Take a minute or two to look over the list. Then pick one prompt that brings to mind a particular image, experience, or idea. Start writing (or freewriting) and see where it takes you. If after a few minutes you hit a dead end, dont panic. Simply return to the list, pick another prompt,  and try again.  Inspiration can truly come from anywhere. Its just a matter of freeing your mind from distraction and letting your imagination lead you where it may. When you discover something that intrigues or surprises you, thats the idea to develop further.   Everyone else was laughing.On the other side of that doorLate againWhat Ive always wantedA sound Id never heard beforeWhat if...The last time I saw himAt that moment I should have left.Just a brief encounterI knew how it felt to be an outsider.Hidden away in the back of a drawerWhat I should have saidWaking up in a strange roomThere were signs of trouble.Keeping a secretAll I have left is this photo.It wasnt really stealing.A place I pass by every dayNobody can explain what happened next.Staring at my reflectionI should have lied.Then the lights went out.Some might say its a weakness.Not again!Where Id go to hide out from everyoneBut thats not my real name.Her side of the storyNobody believed us.It was time to change schools again.We climbed to the top.The one thing Ill never forgetFollow these rules, and well get along fine.It may not be worth anything.Never againOn the other side of the streetMy father used to tell meWhen nobody was lookingIf I could do it over againOf course it wa s illegal. It wasnt my idea.Everyone was staring at me.It was a stupid thing to say.Hiding under my bedIf I tell you the truthMy secret collectionFootsteps in the darkThe first cut is the deepest.Trouble, big troubleLaughing uncontrollablyIt was just a game to them.

Abstract Essays - Culture, Linguistic Typology, Southeast Asia

Abstract Essays - Culture, Linguistic Typology, Southeast Asia Abstract Introduction S ome eleven languages and eighty-seven dialects were spoken in the Philippines in the late 1980s. Eight of these Tagalog , Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, Bicolano , Waray-W aray , Pampangan , and Pangasinan were native tongues for about 90 percent of the population. All eight belong to the Malay-Polynesian language family and are related to Indonesian and Malay, but no two are mutually comprehensible. Each has a number of dialects and all have impressive literary traditions, especially Tagalog , Cebuano, and Ilocano. Some of the languages have closer affinity than others. It is easier for Ilocanos and Pangasinans to learn each other's language than to learn any of the other six. Likewise, speakers of major Visayan Island languagesCebuano, Ilongo , and Waray-Waray find it easier to communicate with each other than with Tagalogs , Ilocanos , or others. Language divisions were nowhere more apparent than in the continuing public debate over national language. The government in 1974 initiated a policy of gradually phasing out English in schools, business, and government, and replacing it with Pilipino, based on the Tagalog language of central and southern Luzon. Pilipino had spread throughout the nation, the mass media, and the school system. In 1990 President Corazon Aquino ordered that all government offices use Pilipino as a medium of communication, and 200 college executives asked that Pilipino be the main medium of college instruction rather than English. Government and educational leaders hoped that Pilipino would be in general use throughout the archipelago by the end of the century. By that time, it might have enough grass-roots support in non- Tagalog -speaking regions to become a national language. In the early l990s, however, Filipinos had not accepted a national language at the expense of their regional langua ges. Nor was there complete agreement that regional languages should be subordinated to a national language based on Tagalog . The role of English was also debated. Some argued that English was essential to economic progress because it opened the Philippines to communication with the rest of the world, facilitated foreign commerce, and made Filipinos desirable employees for international firms both in the Philippines and abroad. Despite census reports that nearly 65 percent of the populace claimed some understanding of English, as of the early 1990s competence in English appeared to have deteriorated. Groups also debated whether " Filipinization " and the resulting shifting of the language toward " Taglish " (a mixture of Tagalog and English) had made the language less useful as a medium of international communication. Major newspapers in the early 1990s, however, were in English, English language movies were popular, and English was often used in advertisements. Successful Filipinos were likely to continue to be competent in Pilipino and English. Speakers of another regional language would most likely continue to use that language at home, Pilipino in ordinary conversation in the cities, and English for commerce, government, and international relations. Both Pilipino, gaining use in the media, and English continued in the 1990s to be the languages of education.

Martin Luther King's Representation of Law Essay

Martin Luther King's Representation of Law - Essay Example Natural law for Dr. Martin Luther King, as well as for St. Thomas Aquinas, is the part of God’s eternal plan for everything that He has created (â€Å"Legal positivism vs. natural law theory† 2). An important statement in Reverend King’s â€Å"Letter† is that his protest against an unjust law of Birmingham was nonviolent (4). He did not break a moral law by appealing to violence against another human being. Dr. King emphasizes that he has always followed the rules of the Christian morality, which is, according to him, a code of natural and just laws (4). Martin Luther King does not follow the Machiavellian doctrine of permissiveness. His viewpoint is based on the Christian morality, faith in equality of all people, and respect to every person regardless of his or her skin color, race or ethnicity. Positive law is always legal, as it is issued by some authority that has the right to decide how to regulate human interactions in a society. However, the morali ty of the law, even if it was made by a powerful and respectful person or institution, can always remain questionable. As Dr. Martin Luther King observes, Hitler’s laws in Germany were certainly legal, but they were appallingly immoral, unnatural and unjust (3). â€Å"Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever†, says Martin Luther King, and it means that an unjust law cannot last forever (4). Hitler’s laws in Germany, Saddam Hussein’s laws in Iraq or Gaddafi’s laws in Libya were legal.

Risk Management Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Risk Management Issues - Essay Example 54, 2009). One decision that appears from this scrutiny is the quantity of resources that the organization should have to provide cushion for potential failures that can take place during the way of its trading actions. In view of the fact that trading revenue is doubtful, despite the fact that, a significant risk management activity concentrates on the risk extent crisis - calculating how huge potential failures could be. Corresponding activities entail the examining as well as enforcement of risk-related trading restrictions, by this means helping the risk amended performance assessment of individual trading bureaus (Chapman & Ward, p. 42, 2003). These two phases of the risk management function turn the resources distribution decision into an optimisation issue: very small sum puts the firm in front of extreme levels of risk, although excessively huge sum increases financing expenditures as well as lessens productivity. The point of complexity with which the risk management role is carried out has progressed considerably during current years. Evidently, there are still significant issues whose answers would improve the task’s usefulness all the more. These issues come under three groups: (1) risk management functions, (2) risk forms, and (3) risk measurement execution concerns (Abkowitz, p. 76, 2008). The risk management issues put huge stress on attempting to get the â€Å"probability distribution† for the income of the entire company. Risk managers are particularly â€Å"interested in the extreme left-hand tail of this distribution as a predictor of the largest ex post loss that the firm could experience† (Olson & Wu, p. 65, 2007). After that, to offer assurance of firm-wide solvency, the organization would have resources more than that quantity. Then again, this whole quantity of resources should as well be distributed between the individual trading bureaus so that their job can be assessed on a risk-amended base. As a result of unsati sfactory correlations with bureaus’ revenue flows, the level of possible failures for the entire organization is not more than its total for the individual trading companies, forming the following procedural problem: if risk managers assess the company’s resources satisfactoriness condition initially and after that disaggregate the outcome for distribution to individual companies, they are susceptible to reserve misallocations between bureaus (Khan & Zsidisin, p. 89, 2011). The substitute of calculating capital prerequisites on the individual company level primarily and after that combining the outcomes with the help of a set of approximate correlations, alternatively, is prone to the possibility of overcapitalising the company altogether. Despite the fact that a lot of companies acknowledge the contradiction of depending on both approaches, the most excellent existing practice in the derived business supports the â€Å"bottom-up approach† (Smith & Merritt, p. 7 9, 2002), to a certain extent due to a custom of calculating the different sorts of risk (such as credit, marketplace, functioning) autonomously as well as being acquainted with the different comparative significance of these risk forms amid companies. The expansion of a incorporated tactic which conserved this point of specialisation devoid of giving up exactness on the universal level would be a considerable step ahead. Authoritarian organizations force funds prerequisites on

Wall Mart's Strategic Planning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wall Mart's Strategic Planning - Case Study Example Simultaneously Walton set up two other enterprises called Ben Franklin franchises and Wall - Mart Discount City. The former expanded into 15 more stores by 1962. In 1969 the company became Walt Mart Stores inc. with 15 Ben Franklin stores, 18 Wall Mart spread through out Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas and Missouri. To-day with combined revenue reaching to 44 billions and spread through out the 42 central and southern states the company has 1720 Wall-Marts, 208 Sam's Whole sale club, and 6 Wall Mart Supercentres in addition to two stores in joint ventures in Mexico. The company has a strategy of identifying areas with under population of 50,000 to open a store and gradually expanded by setting up distribution centres at some place closer to the store with a view to facilitate supply to all the other stores also within a day. The excellent success of the company is considered to be the result of 19 such distribution centres today. The other factor of the success of the company is treating the employees as associate partners having access to complete information about the costs, freight charges, and profit margin. The associates play a major role in the overall and individual success of stores and achieving the company's goals. It will be worthwhile to note here that each of the stores operates independently of the other. This kind of relationship in the organization components known as "pooled interdependence". If there is poor customer service at one store and how the customers view it will have ripple effect on the Wall-Mart as a whole. Basis of establishment of the Strategy: The management of the company prominently relies on the goals achieved. It is treated as a part of the planning process. The top management provides guidelines about the profits and growth. These become the basis of setting of goals. The individual stores provide their own inputs as they have their own annual goals to achieve. However, specific tactical goals are evolved at the division and the stores level. These are then forwarded to the top corporate level for further dissemination, evaluation and measurement for formulating a strategic over all policy. It will be interesting to note a typical target set for an annual goal: Opening 160 new stores; 45 new Sam's Whole sale clubs; 12 - 15 new Wall Mart Super centre; Increasing sales to more than 54 billions; Pursuing a "Buy American" plan to give preference to stocking merchandise manufactured in the United States. The individual stores have a target to achieve a sales increase of 10% over the previous period. Once the goals are established the process of action planning is commenced to provide an outline as to how the goals are to be achieved. It is done at every level. The associates also get a share of the profit above the goals set for every stores. Monitoring: Throughout the year goals achieved are monitored as laid out. But if the Wall Mart has not been satisfied of the result those stores are sold out. The Ben Franklin stores were closed in 1976 and Wall Mart stores were replaced with it. A chain of Helen's Arts and Crafts, the DOT discount drug chain met the same fate. Despite all the evaluation, assessment, dissemination of the in formations and monitoring quite a few of the ventures have failed. Financial aspect: Of interest